Dengue Fever and its Severe Form

In 2023, the world experienced a historic high of over 6.5 million cases of dengue, with more than 7300 dengue-related deaths reported. This surge in cases was unexpected and alarming, affecting over 80 countries in all regions of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Dengue, also known as break-bone fever, is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. While many cases of dengue are mild or asymptomatic, the virus can occasionally cause severe illness and even death. Symptoms of dengue include high fever, headache, body aches, nausea, and rash.

The highest number of dengue cases was recorded in 2023, with the WHO Region of the Americas reporting 4.5 million cases and 2300 deaths. Countries in Asia such as Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam also reported high numbers of cases.

Several factors contribute to the increasing risk of dengue spread, including the changing distribution of mosquito vectors, climate change, and fragile health systems. The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades, with cases reported to the WHO increasing from 505,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019.

Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control and avoiding mosquito bites. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, with the focus being on managing symptoms such as pain and fever. The WHO is actively responding to dengue outbreaks by providing technical support, training, and formulating evidence-based strategies and policies to combat the disease.