Experts explain the difference between normal forgetfulness with age and early signs of dementia

Memory experts Charan Ranganath and Richard Restak shed light on the intricacies of memory and forgetting in a recent discussion on dementia. Ranganath, a psychology professor at the University of California, Davis, delved into the common question he receives as a memory researcher: ‘Why am I so forgetful?’ He distinguished between ordinary forgetting and problematic “Forgetting” with a capital F, using scenarios to illustrate the difference.

Restak, a clinical professor of neurology and rehabilitation medicine at George Washington University, emphasized the importance of distinguishing between normal memory lapses and more concerning memory issues. He highlighted situations like forgetting where you parked your car momentarily versus forgetting why you went to a mall in the first place, indicating the severity of memory lapses.

As people age, it is natural to experience some degree of memory loss. The Alzheimer’s Association in the United States reports that 40% of individuals over 65 will experience mild memory loss that does not significantly impact their daily lives. However, the World Health Organization estimates that 5 to 8% of individuals over 60 will develop some form of dementia.

Ranganath and Restak also discussed the impact of stress on memory. While some stress can sharpen memory, excessive stress can hinder the formation of new memories. Ranganath highlighted the importance of using memories effectively, as they play a crucial role in making life-changing decisions and shaping one’s beliefs and values.

In terms of memory preservation tips, Restak offered practical advice. He suggested giving up alcohol before the age of 70 to protect nerve cells, as alcohol can act as a weak neurotoxin. Additionally, he emphasized the importance of addressing hearing and vision problems promptly, as isolation can negatively impact brain health.

Restak also recommended reading fiction, engaging in activities that spark genuine interest, and embracing novelty to stimulate the brain and form new neural networks. He advocated for napping as a way to compensate for poor sleep and boost memory performance.

Overall, the discussion between Ranganath and Restak provided valuable insights into memory, forgetting, and strategies for maintaining cognitive health. By understanding the nuances of memory and implementing practical tips, individuals can take proactive steps to preserve their cognitive function and overall well-being.