Young girls in India are facing a complex nutritional landscape, grappling with both undernutrition and overnutrition, as well as prevalent micronutrient deficiencies. The National Family Health Survey 5 data reveals higher child mortality rates and malnutrition among girls compared to boys, highlighting the gender disparities in access to proper nutrition.
A systematic review and meta-analysis show alarming levels of deficiencies across various age groups in India, with iron deficiency being highest among pregnant women and vitamin B12 deficiency notably prevalent in children under 18. Additionally, vitamin A deficiency is particularly severe among children under 5, while iodine deficiency remains a concern.
Women are disproportionately affected by nutritional deficiencies due to factors like reproductive biology, low social status, poverty, and limited education. Globally, 50% of pregnant women are anaemic, with at least 120 million underweight women in less developed countries facing reduced productivity and increased illness and mortality rates.
Addressing these common nutrition deficiencies and the dual burden of malnutrition among young girls requires a multi-faceted approach. Food fortification, promoting dietary diversification, nutritional education, supplementation programs, improving access to healthcare services, and addressing socio-economic determinants are crucial strategies. By empowering young girls and addressing these challenges collectively, India can secure a healthier future for its future generations.