TREE planting in rangelands is a popular nature-based solution to combat climate change by offsetting greenhouse gas emissions. However, a recent review conducted by a team of ecologists and social scientists has found that tree planting in rangelands may not be as effective in addressing climate change as previously thought.
The team highlighted the importance of rangelands, which cover more than half of Earth’s land area and provide critical ecosystem services. These open grasslands and shrublands support free-ranging wildlife and livestock, play a crucial role as water catchments, and have great cultural value.
Despite the benefits of rangelands, many tree planting initiatives are targeting these areas for afforestation projects. The review found that planting trees in rangelands with naturally low tree cover may not result in significant carbon storage and can even lead to a net loss in carbon when soils are disturbed for planting.
Furthermore, afforestation in rangelands can have negative impacts on local communities, water resources, and the climate. Local people often bear the cost of afforestation projects, which can exclude existing land users and limit access to resources. Tree plantations also use more water than grasslands, leading to reduced streamflow and lower water tables.
The review suggests that a better solution would be to focus on protecting and enhancing the existing carbon stores in rangelands rather than replacing them with forests or plantations. Successful examples, such as the Southern Plains Land Trust in the US, have shown that grazing management can increase carbon storage while preserving biodiversity and supporting local livelihoods.
In conclusion, the review emphasizes the importance of considering the unique characteristics of rangelands and the potential drawbacks of afforestation projects in these areas. By prioritizing the protection and restoration of natural forests and enhancing carbon stores in rangelands, we can better address climate change and support sustainable land management practices.