STIs: A Guide to Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a global health concern, with more than 1 million curable cases acquired every day worldwide. In 2020 alone, there were an estimated 374 million new infections in people aged 15-49, with chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis being the most common culprits.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), STIs have a direct impact on sexual and reproductive health, leading to stigmatization, infertility, cancers, and pregnancy complications. Additionally, STIs can increase the risk of HIV transmission, making them a significant public health issue.

One of the major challenges in combating STIs is drug resistance, which poses a threat to reducing the burden of these infections worldwide. The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in STIs, particularly gonorrhea, has limited treatment options and highlighted the need for new strategies to address this growing problem.

Prevention remains a key focus in the fight against STIs, with condoms being one of the most effective methods of protection. Safe and highly effective vaccines are available for hepatitis B and HPV, offering significant advances in STI prevention.

Despite efforts to control the spread of STIs, challenges remain in diagnosing and treating these infections, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Access to accurate diagnostic tests and effective treatment is essential in curbing the spread of STIs and preventing long-term health consequences.

In response to the global STI crisis, WHO is working to develop global targets, norms, and standards for prevention, testing, and treatment. The organization also supports countries in developing national strategic plans, enhancing STI surveillance, and monitoring AMR to ensure effective management of these infections.