A recent study conducted by scientists at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has revealed a surprising link between nail abnormalities and the risk of developing cancerous tumours. According to the study, a coloured band, usually white or red, along the length of the nail may indicate the presence of a rare inherited disorder known as BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome.
Individuals with this syndrome have mutations in the BAP1 gene, which normally acts as a tumour suppressor. The study found that the presence of a benign nail abnormality called onychopapilloma, along with the coloured band and thickening of the nail, could be a sign of BAP1 syndrome. This syndrome increases the risk of developing cancerous tumours of the skin, eyes, and kidneys.
In a study of 47 individuals with BAP1 syndrome from 35 families, researchers found that about 88% of them had onychopapilloma tumours in multiple nails. This finding is rare in the general population and could be a key indicator for diagnosing BAP1 syndrome.
Edward Cowen, head of Dermatology Consultation Services at NIH’s National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), emphasized the importance of nail screening, especially for individuals with a personal or family history of melanoma or other potential BAP1-associated malignancies.
The discovery of this link between nail abnormalities and cancer risk could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment for individuals with BAP1 syndrome, potentially saving lives.