The Impact of Stress on the Cognitive Benefits of an Active Lifestyle

A new study published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia has revealed that stress can undermine the cognitive benefits associated with stimulating and rewarding life experiences among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden found that physiological and psychological stress can reduce the protective benefits of cognitive reserve index (CRI) scores, which are linked to better cognition and cognitive decline prevention.

The study, which included 113 participants from the memory clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, examined the association among CRI scores, cognition, and biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in combination with levels of perceived stress and cortisol levels in saliva. The results showed that while higher CRI scores were associated with better cognition, this beneficial association was reduced when adjusting for cortisol measures. Additionally, individuals with healthier cortisol levels showed better working memory compared to those with high levels of psychological stress.

Dr. Logan DuBose, a resident physician at George Washington University, explained that chronic stress, often caused by caregiving responsibilities, can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which in turn can damage the hippocampus and negate the benefits of cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity. This can potentially worsen dementia symptoms and cognitive decline.

Irv Seldin, the owner and CEO of the eldercare company Visiting Angels, pointed out that while complex occupations like being a pilot or medical professional can help build cognitive reserve, the persistent stress from these professions can also increase cortisol levels and the risk of dementia. Seldin emphasized the importance of stress management strategies such as meditation, physical exercise, or therapy to reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Angela Morrell, a speech-language pathologist at Georgetown University Hospital, highlighted the importance of engaging in mentally stimulating activities to strengthen neural pathways and improve memory, problem-solving, and communication skills in individuals with cognitive decline. She emphasized the incorporation of stress management techniques like relaxation exercises or mindfulness practices into therapy plans to improve the quality of life for people with dementia.

The study, however, had limitations such as a small sample size and a lack of thorough control over sleep patterns, which are known to impair cognition. Despite these limitations, the findings underscore the importance of stress management techniques in Alzheimer’s disease prevention and care. Experts suggest that mindfulness exercises, meditation, and other relaxation techniques should be integrated into existing lifestyle interventions to support cognitive health and well-being in individuals with dementia.

Overall, the research highlights the critical role of stress management in maintaining cognitive function and improving the quality of life for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. By addressing stress alongside cognitive stimulation programs, personalized treatment plans can be developed to support cognitive health and well-being in individuals with dementia.