Heart disease has historically been perceived as primarily affecting men, but its impact on women is equally significant, albeit often manifested differently. In India, the prevalence of heart disease in women ranges from 3% to 13% and has increased by almost 300% over the past two decades. In fact, recent studies show that the prevalence of heart failure in Indian women has more than doubled from 2000 to 2015.
With these alarming statistics, it is essential to acknowledge these gender-specific distinctions, especially concerning conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ASCVD refers to the narrowing and hardening of arteries due to the buildup of plaque, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Studies reveal that ASCVD affects women differently in terms of symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes. Women often develop ASCVD later in life, typically after menopause, and may experience symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, or abdomen. These symptoms are often overlooked or misinterpreted, delaying diagnosis and treatment.
While men and women share common ASCVD risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking, women have additional risks such as pregnancy-related conditions (e.g., gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia) and hormonal influences (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause). As women age, their risk of developing ASCVD increases due to the reduction in hormone levels like estrogen caused by menopause.
Dr. Zakia Khan, Cardiologist at Fortis Hospital in Mumbai, emphasized the importance of early cholesterol screening for women to detect high LDL-C levels early on. Dr. Sandeep Chopra, Additional Director Cardiology at Fortis Hospital in Ludhiana, also stressed the significance of regular lipid profile tests for managing the risk of ASCVD.
Overall, understanding and managing LDL cholesterol levels are crucial for women to take proactive steps in safeguarding their heart health and improving their overall well-being. By prioritizing cholesterol management through regular monitoring and personalized care plans, women can work towards a healthier heart and a better quality of life.